This involves both horizontal and vertical measurements. Engineering Surveying is defined as those activities involved in the planning and execution of surveys for the location , design , construction , operation and maintenance of civil and other engineering projects.
Preparation of surveys and related mapping specifications. Execution of photogrammetric and field surveys for the collection of required data including topographic and hydrographic data, 3.
Calculation, reduction and plotting of survey data for use in engineering design. Design and provision of horizontal and vertical control survey networks 5. Provision of line and grade and other layout work for construction and training activities, thus the scope of surveying is very wide and interdisciplinary in character.
Basically it involves accurate measurements and accurate computations. In surveying we use modern sophisticated instruments , example, electronic instruments for measurements and modern computational tools, example, computers for accurate mathematical computations.
Hence thorough knowledge of basic science — say physics and mathematics — is required in grasping modern surveying. Two general classifications of surveys are geodetic and plane. In geodetic surveying the curvature of the earth is taken into account. Surveys are conducted with a high degree of accuracy. However in plane Surveying, except for leveling, the reference base for field Work and computations is assumed to be a na horizontal surface.
The error caused by assuming the earth to be a plane area is not serious if the area measured is small say within km. Classification based on equipments used : In chain , theodolite, plane table, tacheometric surveys , the equipment named is the major equipment used in survey work. Because only a surveyor who has full understanding of surveying techniques will be able to determine the most efficient methods required to obtain optimal results over a wide variety of surveying problems.
From the data of the survey. Survey data is portrayed graphically by the construction of maps, profiles, cross sections, and diagrams. Land surveying is basically an art and science of mapping and measuring land. The entire scope of profession is wide; it actually boils down to calculate where the land boundaries. The CDOT survey manual can. You can download fundamentals of Surveying by S. Roy PDF today. Modern surveying involves use of sophisticated scientific instruments, mathematical methods and computational techniques.
This book on surveying explains comprehensively the principles of surveying instruments and derivation of mathematical formula. Before any engineering work can be started we must prepare a plan or map of the area showing topographical details.
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